Considers the political forces now that the political climate of Iraq is now not allowed to form majority government requires a political opposition in return as well. There is a reluctance to the idea of political opposition, but that some have argued that the survival of the group in opposition carries the sense of political marginalization is openly refusing to everyone as well. What do you mean the Government of the partnership?  There are two possible meanings of this term, are the components of a partnership, and partnership entities.

Partnership components of social meaning in the first government partnership means the participation of all components of social and cultural governance.   I mean the ethno-linguistic components, such as Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen and Alcaldoachorien, and components such as religious Muslims, Christians, and components such as religious Shiites and Sunnis. These include the government’s representation of the meaning of the components.  And this is required and necessary in a pluralistic society, where you can not achieve political stability, and then integrate the community without feeling as components found in government, and non-Mgosaip him.

The concept of citizenship here, a foundation in the formation of shared national identity, does not eliminate the concept of belonging to an ethnic or religious components are mainly in sub-identities must acknowledge its existence and its right to govern themselves, first, the right to participate in government at the national level. This need increases the swollen sense of belonging to a sub-identities are more than level a sense of belonging to a common identity. But this does not eliminate the importance of working to deepen the sense of the second, and the transition state to the concept of citizenship, to be citizens of the State, rather than a state components, with the right ingredients does not cancel the presence, expression and representation and participation at a national level.

كم It also does not eliminate the right ingredients to exercise self-management of their internal affairs, as is the case for the British Alscottlandien or Welsh or Irish, who participate in governance at two levels: the national level in the London government and parliament, and local level, where departments and parliaments of communities in their areas.

And how to involve the different components in the central government, from one country to another.  In Belgium and Switzerland, for example, participation is based on the basis of consensual democracy, despite a general election on the basis of common citizenship.  While participation is in Britain on the basis of a pluralist democracy, citizenship abstract, because the national parties, competing parties, not closed, and open to the various components, what they can to claim representation of these components at the national level without the need to introduce democratic consensus. Partnership components on the basis of consensual democracy help to achieve a kind of balance and remove the fears of the risk of marginalization, exclusion or deprivation. but at the same time do not help to establish a stable government, able to move and achievement at an appropriate speed, on the one hand, and help speed up the integration into the community, on the other.

 On the contrary, may deepen the division of community carries the risk of political division, on an individual level and at the state level, as is happening now in Belgium. The partnership components on the basis of a pluralist democracy, it helps to deepen democracy and consolidate the concept of citizenship, and accelerate the integration of community with their ability At the same time to achieve the representation of the components. the Iraqi constitution does not speak openly about the participation of the components.

 But he speaks not in place of the balance in the State formations between the components of the Iraqi people that the so-called many of them in the context of many materials. The idea of balance, in addition to other factors, was born from the womb of the idea of compatibility in the formation of government, with clarification that this idea is temporary, being water until established principles of democracy, including the idea of citizenship, and you are a return to a multiparty democracy, as was said at the time. Although the constitution prescribed for this position puts him a lot of material, but it goes back and freezes all these articles in the chapter on transitional provisions, in order to establish a presidential council will have to take its decisions unanimously, not by majority vote, in contrast to the way in which the House of Representatives, without omits to mention that this temporary measure will be to return to the system after the President of the Republic after the recent elections.

 Partnership political entities second meaning, that the Government partnership means the participation of all entities or political parties, parliamentary blocs in the government. Does not provide for the Iraqi constitution, should be introduced to the concept of partnership of political entities. . On the contrary, the Constitution provides in Article 76 that the number of the parliamentary majority holds the primary right to nominate the post of prime minister.  The President of the Republic to cost the candidate, the first place. But she must succeed in forming a government within 30 days, only the President of the Republic will cost more.  Does not require the Constitution in the second case to be the candidate of the largest parliamentary bloc.

  After succeeding Prime Minister-designate display the names of members of his cabinet and its ministerial platform to the Council of Representatives, and considered to have won confidence when his approval of the individual Ministers and the ministerial program, an absolute majority.  Half of House members plus one, doesn’t mean for the 163-member Council of Representatives.  This is a custom followed in the constitutional democratic regimes, where the President of the winning party a majority of members of parliament is a prime sentence. In the last Israeli election was the party, Livni is the largest electoral bloc, was charged with forming a government, but failed to do during the constitutional period available to them, which is 30 days, has opened the door to mandated Netanyahu, leader of the second bloc second in terms of number of deputies.

After the results of the recent Iraqi elections, a dispute emerged between politicians about the meaning of the largest parliamentary bloc. And the perception of some people that is intended to cluster, which won won the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives in the elections.  This is true.  But if the Vice-winners or winning electoral lists other, forming a parliamentary bloc by the coalition and integration, so is this cluster is the biggest bloc Her right to the nomination of the office. The Constitution does not prevent that.  This is what I went to him the Constitutional Court, though he were not required to ask the question, to question the clarity of the text of the Constitution.  There is no suspicion here call for recourse to the court to interpret the text of the Constitution is clear. However, the political logic does not prevent from the perception of options in front of political entities to form a government, and these options were: a government of the political majority, or a government of political partnership, the Government of a broad coalition, which includes all or most major political blocs, and each of the two options has advantages and positive aspects.

 Government of the political majority (2-1) holds the largest parliamentary bloc, the party or the big winner in the legislative elections to form the government.  Usually unique to the winning party to form a government, as is the case in the two-party system, as is the case in Britain and the United States and other democratic countries.  Have been baptized or more parties into the coalition to form a majority government policy, when any party fails, by itself, winning a majority of seats in parliament.  As happened recently in Britain.

 If the political majority that constitute the government, a minority political opposition.  In some countries there are giving the opposition a distinct constitutional status, as is the case in Britain, where a minority opposition shadow cabinet. And often consult with the Chairman of the majority of the opposition, its leader a person who, in matters of national task.  This means that sit in the opposition does not mean the ability to influence the decision the national executive or legislative.

 Does not mention the word majority of the component ethnic or sectarian or religious specific, we are not here talking about the majority of religious or national or sectarian, rather the aim is the political majority, based on a political vision or a political program unites believers political entity cross the borders of ethnic or sectarian or religious .  This situation requires, in its best, the existence of political parties or parliamentary blocs cross denominational lines, racial or religious.

The first positive of this method of forming the government, is to deepen the democratic content of governance, and make it doomed figures produced by the elections.   It also paves the way for the emergence of a strong parliamentary opposition have the ability to call the government, which makes the last more careful in its actions. The main downside of this method is likely to remain a political group for a long time outside the government, as happened to the Liberal Democrats in Britain, which did not allow him to participate in government for several centuries.  There is growing negative if the party intended to represent minority ethnic or religious or ideological, which means to deprive the minority from participating in governance.  And can deal with this negative in several ways, easiest requirement for governments to be representative of such minorities, to ensure the failure of the minority parties will lead to damage to the minority to which Taatnsp to, or other methods that will not fail to political thought for the practical reach for the protection of minority rights ethnic, religious or sectarian society from political participation.

 Does not appear that the Iraqi political blocs are ready now to take this way, at least three reasons: the first for fear of exclusion and marginalization; and second, its eagerness to obtain what is provided to participate in the provision of benefits; and third, lack of faith in the usefulness and importance of the opposition in the democratic political system.

Government of the collective partnership This option means a broad coalition government and broad, which includes all political entities or parliamentary blocs.   This is the same model adopted by the political elite after the 2005 elections.  This means that nothing new in the content of the term political partnership, added to the content of the term national unity government in that year. Difference is that the political elite has decided not to use the term national unity government, driven by consciously or subconsciously, a failure that has plagued the concept of a national unity government, which remained, especially in the first two years of age without a real achievement on the security level, political, economic and service.  The government riven by dissension and crippled its political quota system.  It led to the paralysis of parliament, which has real capacity to control and accountability because of the impunity enjoyed by the political parties and ministers, which immunity is unconstitutional, on account of the constitutional immunity enjoyed by the House of Representatives.

 Lead-sharing government, or national unity, or quotas, to satisfy the political blocs all, what might be one of the conditions of political stability, but at the same time, may be involved not being able to move, because it had implicitly act in accordance with system compatibility or consensus, of hand, and prevent the emergence of effective opposition in parliament on the other hand.  Where they will cease to raise the banner of the opposition, because of the strong participation of all in government.

Democracies do not resort to the formation of national unity governments, or the participation of all government, except in exceptional and emergency situations such as the exposure the country to war, or a major political crisis Mruroha require the participation of all political parties in power and decision making.  Reform of the political process should be conducted carefully balance the pros and cons of each option, and find the best option after that.  In the meantime this could, for the political elite that are several steps a reform of the political process, including the following points: first, to separate the political and partisan from the path of the Executive and administrative levels, by forming a technocrat government of technocrats, takes into consideration a representation of the social components, that make the requirement of efficiency, competence over everything else.

 Secondly, the Parliament is the arena activation of pluralist democracy. This means the adoption of the vote and taking the decision of the parliamentary majority, when you vote. In this case it is natural that the Parliament has two broad categories, namely: the pro-government group, category opposed to them.  It is necessary to be an effective opposition, and take up a position constitutionally recognized.  In the parliament to take decisions that do not require consensus, but a simple majority or absolute majority, according to transmit to him the Constitution.  In this case it would not hang the role of parliament in decision-making that do not require unanimity or consensus, the status of the case in all parliaments in democratic regimes of multilateralism.

 Third, speed up the formation of the Council to agree, the place of the decisions that need to be a consensus or consensus. The Constitution refers to the Permanent Council of the Federation, which has been no legislation on it yet.  This can be, the Council of compatibility. Could be a council on the basis of components, or on the basis of the provinces, may be the second basis is the safest for the unity of the country and the safety of the political process.  Will have a special law that defines its terms of reference and powers, and regulate the relationship between him and the House of Representatives.  We can say now that the House of Representatives will transmit its decisions to the Council of the Federation, which will have to be approved during a certain period, within the mechanism will be determined by law.

Fourth, expand the powers of local government, particularly in areas that feel Pettmaisaha sectarian or ethnic rest areas, and this is what creates a sense of confidence and effectiveness and inclusion in the administration of these areas. It is noted that the constitution gave such powers to the regions and governorates not internalized province, making the land ready for expansion of these powers, especially at the level of administrative decentralization stipulated by the Constitution and related laws.

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